Labelling is intended to help consumers make informed choices about the food and beverages they consume. In the EU, food information is primarily governed by Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. Yet alcoholic beverages remain partly exempt from standard labelling requirements, despite alcohol being linked to more than 200 health conditions and causing 656 deaths daily across the EU, which also has some of the world's highest consumption levels, with 77 % of adults consuming alcohol. Alcohol is also a major factor in injuries, road deaths, and premature mortality. Despite these risks, EU labelling rules remain limited. Ingredient lists and full nutrition declarations are mandatory only for wine. Other alcoholic beverages – above 1.2 % alcohol – are exempt. Some information, such as alcohol strength and certain allergens, must be displayed, but broader transparency is often voluntary or provided digitally. Recent reforms for wine require ingredient and nutrition information, partly via QR codes, signalling a shift toward greater disclosure. The World Health Organization advocates mandatory, standardised health warnings, including cancer risk information, to improve consumer awareness and reduce harmful consumption. Evidence suggests such labels can influence behaviour, though impacts vary depending on design and context. Calorie labelling is generally supported by consumers but shows mixed effects on purchasing and consumption. National approaches differ, with only a few EU countries mandating health warnings. Ireland is set to become the first country in the EU to require cancer warnings on labels from September 2028. Industry-led self-regulation has improved information availability, particularly for beer and spirits, but remains inconsistent. Overall, clearer labelling – combined with broader policy measures – can play a meaningful role in reducing alcohol-related harm, but stronger, harmonised EU action is still needed. This is an update of a briefing originally published in May 2025. Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP Read more