This study analyses why European banks, despite improved cost efficiency, continue to trade at lower valuations than their United States (US) counterparts. The gap stems from limited growth potential due to market fragmentation and underdeveloped capital markets. To close this competitiveness divide, the study calls for accelerating the Savings and Investment Union (SIU), expanding investment banking capacity, and implementing smart banking regulation and supervision that reinforces market discipline while enabling risk-taking within a stable, integrated European financial system. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP Read more