Este documento se integra en una serie de estudios que, desde una perspectiva de Derecho Comparado, tienen como objeto analizar la libertad de empresa en diferentes ordenamientos jurídicos. Tras una breve introducción histórica, así como la explicación de la normativa y la jurisprudencia de aplicación, se examinan el contenido, los límites y la posible evolución de tal libertad. El presente estudio tiene por objeto el caso de Argentina. La libertad de empresa es reconocida por Constitución Argentina como derecho fundamental, bajo la fórmula de “libertad de industria y comercio” (art.14). La matriz de económica reposa sobre la libertad de empresa como proveedora de bienes y servicios a la sociedad y atribuye al Estado facultades de promoción y gestión (art.75 incisos 18 y 19), de regulación del comercio internacional e interprovincial (art. 75 inc. 13) y de defensa de la competencia de los mercados (art. 42). En el ordenamiento federal argentino la regulación legislativa de la libertad de empresa compete principalmente al Estado nacional mientras a los Estados provinciales corresponde la aplicación y operatividad dentro de su territorio, pudiendo complementar con normas locales que no contravengan las normas federales. Esos concisos parámetros constitucionales permitieron diversas modulaciones económicas a lo largo de los siglos XX y XXI que se ven reflejadas en la voluminosa legislación nacional y provincial. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

The emergence of a contested multipolar world, one that is increasingly inward looking and unstable, has been paralleled by profound technological change and deepening digitalisation of economies and societies. Technology has become a battleground in the geopolitical quest for power. Global technological rivalries – broadly divided between countries promoting liberal and human-centric governance models and those deploying technology to support authoritarianism – are reshaping the world. Other undecided countries are meanwhile sitting on the fence. A case in point is the intensifying Sino-American tech rivalry, including in the pivotal artificial intelligence (AI) and semiconductors sectors. In addition to its deep impact on economies and competitiveness, technology is also at the core of geopolitical struggles through its deployment in cyberwarfare, election interference and misinformation. Supporting open trade, a multilateral order and global standards have always been among the EU's fundamental principles. To safeguard those values and navigate this new, challenging, fractured and confrontational environment, the EU has been developing a policy toolkit for quite some time. Additionally, it has frequently been a front-runner in regulating critical emerging technologies, while also establishing partnerships with allies and like-minded countries, safeguarding its internal market and addressing technological vulnerabilities and strategic dependencies. Since the underlying trends are unlikely to weaken, the issues at the nexus of geopolitics and technology are expected to feature prominently on the European Parliament's agenda during its 2024-2029 legislature. Experts recommend that to maintain its normative heft, the EU needs to build its industrial prowess by boosting its technological capacity, investing in digital infrastructure and financing innovation. The EU should also strengthen ties with like-minded countries and engage the Global South, expand its economic security policy and enhance the Global Gateway initiative. Boosting competitiveness and striking the right balance between autonomy and openness as well as between security and free trade, remain the key challenges in a world shaped by multiple crises and disruptive technologies. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Un contrat a été signé entre l'Université de la Polynésie et le CNRS, le centre national de la recherche scientifique, lundi 02 septembre 2024. Cette collaboration aura plusieurs avantages pour les différents domaines scientifiques porteurs au Fenua.

Pour la deuxième fois, la journée mondiale du cocotier a été fêtée à Raiatea. Une petite société privée Tihoti Tarua était à la manœuvre afin de mettre en valeur l’arbre de vie.

Le centre de coordination de sauvetage aéro-maritime (JRCC Tahiti) informe qu'une opération d’assistance à un navire de pêche polynésien est actuellement en cours suite à une avarie sur son système de propulsion. Le navire de pêche dérive à l'est de l'atoll d'Aratika, dans l'archipel des Tuamotu.

This document provides an overview of all country-specific recommendations for 2024 as proposed by the Commission on 19 June 2024 and agreed by the Council on 16 July 2024. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

The EU has constantly affirmed its support for multilateralism, and in particular for the United Nations (UN), with which it shares core values. Article 21 of the Treaty on European Union puts respect for the principles of the UN Charter among the guiding principles of EU action on the international scene. The EU and its Member States contribute one third to the total UN budget. Although the EU's status within the UN system varies (from full member to simple observer), the EU is the regional organisation having gained the strongest voice in the UN. The EU supports the reform agenda initiated by UN Secretary-General António Guterres. The European Parliament is a strong supporter of rules-based multilateralism. It follows the EU's activity in the UN closely, and regularly adopts recommendations to the Council of the EU on the priorities to be pursued by the EU at the UN General Assembly, and at major multilateral conferences such as the UN climate change conference. Parliament also adopts resolutions on the implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals. It encourages cooperation between the EU – together with its Member States – and the UN, in particular on humanitarian aid, development assistance, peace operations and crisis management. As regards specific bodies and agencies, Parliament regularly reiterates its strong support for the International Criminal Court, and deplores the abuse of multilateral institutions, in particular by regimes seeking to neutralise human rights mechanisms within the UN Human Rights Council. Parliament's relevant committees maintain relations with UN bodies and agencies. The committees invite UN representatives and experts to exchanges of views and hearings at the European Parliament, and send delegations to key meetings. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Rendez-vous mardi 24 septembre à 20h au petit théâtre de la maison de la culture pour assister à la finale des voix des outre-mer.

Nommé le 19 août dernier en remplacement de Tevaiti Pomare, Warren Dexter, ministre de l’Économie, du Budget et des Finances était l'invité café du 02 septembre. S'il évoque une situation budgétaire très positive, il reste de nombreux problèmes de fond à régler...

Le procureur général de Nouméa a reçu ce lundi une demande des avocats des militants indépendantistes calédoniens mis en examen, suite aux émeutes qui ont éclaté en mai dernier. Ceux-ci réclament un dépaysement de l’affaire dans l’Hexagone, où ont été transférés 7 de leurs clients. Une démarche qui vise, selon eux à réunir les conditions d’une justice plus sereine.

Le secteur primaire ne séduit plus. En 2024, il emploie 9 500 personnes soit 6 000 de moins qu’en 2012 selon le dernier recensement de l’ISPF. Une chute inquiétante de même que la production agricole, alors que la politique de l’autosuffisance alimentaire est dans l'air du temps. La Direction générale de l’agriculture est chargée d'appliquer la politique agricole du Pays. Mais en l’absence de stratégie technique pour la piloter, sa gestion est déplorable alors que le secteur primaire est lourdement subventionné grâce à nos impôts.

European Union lawmakers signed the artificial intelligence (AI) act in June 2024. The AI act, the first binding worldwide horizontal regulation on AI, sets a common framework for the use and supply of AI systems in the EU. The new act offers a classification for AI systems with different requirements and obligations tailored to a 'risk-based approach'. Some AI systems presenting 'unacceptable' risks are prohibited. A wide range of 'high-risk' AI systems that can have a detrimental impact on people's health, safety or on their fundamental rights are authorised, but subject to a set of requirements and obligations to gain access to the EU market. AI systems posing limited risks because of their lack of transparency will be subject to information and transparency requirements, while AI systems presenting only minimal risk for people will not be subject to further obligations. The regulation also lays down specific rules for general purpose AI (GPAI) models and lays down more stringent requirements for GPAI models with 'high-impact capabilities' that could pose a systemic risk and have a significant impact on the internal market. The AI Act was published in the EU's Official Journal on 12 July 2024. It entered into force in August 2024. Fourth edition. 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages of the legislative procedure. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Within the policy framework of the European Green Deal, the European Climate Law of 2021 has set an EU-wide, legally binding target of 'climate neutrality' or net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. To achieve this target, the European Climate Law also enshrines the intermediate climate target of reducing EU net GHG emissions by at least 55 % by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. Following the adoption of the Climate Law and most of the 'fit for 55' legislative revisions, Member States had to update their national energy and climate plans (NECPs) in line with the increased energy and climate objectives by 30 June 2024. Ahead of this deadline, the Commission called on Member States to step up their efforts, as the contributions noted in the draft NECPs were not yet sufficient to deliver the 2030 target and would lead to a net reduction of only 51 %. The 2030 EU Climate Law target is binding at EU level. Its achievement, however, depends on the success of plans and measures at national level, across a range of policy areas. To explore the potential enforceability of the net 55 % EU-wide emission reduction target, this briefing examines the enforcement mechanisms of five legislative acts that form the core of the European climate and energy acquis and will be essential for delivering the European Climate Law's 2030 target. The briefing looks at the enforcement specificities of the nationally binding targets of key climate legislation, including various procedural obligations under the Governance Regulation. Ultimately, nationally binding targets can be enforced by the Commission through the overarching infringement procedure of the EU Treaties. In the case of binding EU-wide targets, however, the situation becomes more complex. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

The arrival of refugees and irregular migrants in the EU in unprecedented numbers in 2015 exposed a number of deficiencies in the EU's external border, asylum and migration policy, and sparked EU action through various legal and policy instruments. Today, even though the EU has been relatively successful in securing its external borders, curbing irregular migrant arrivals and increasing cooperation with third countries, Member States are still reluctant to show solidarity and do more to share responsibility for asylum-seekers. Turmoil in Africa and the Middle East, followed by the war in Ukraine and the armed conflict in the Gaza Strip are forcing more and more people to flee violence and seek a safe haven in Europe. At times spontaneously, Member States have reacted to these crises and showed open solidarity, as with regard to the Ukrainian citizens fleeing the war. At other times their reaction has been more ambivalent: take for instance the ripples of discord caused by the disembarkation in November 2022 of migrants rescued from the Mediterranean by four private vessels, which once again clearly demonstrated the need for a more stable and predictable mechanism to manage irregular migration. International cooperation and solidarity are key in helping to manage migration to and between states. Under international law, states have certain legal obligations to assist and protect the refugees they accept on their territory, but the legal duties of other states, as regards providing help and sharing that responsibility, are less clearly codified. At EU level, the principle of solidarity is set out in several articles, including Article 80 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). However, EU law does not define the notions of 'solidarity' or 'fair sharing of responsibilities' for refugees or asylum-seekers. This has prompted EU institutions, academics and other stakeholders to propose different ways to render solidarity more operational; these include sharing out relevant tasks and pooling resources at EU level, and providing financial and other forms of compensation for frontline Member States. The migration and asylum pact adopted in spring 2024 sets out a new flexible but mandatory solidarity system. This updates and expands on a January 2023 briefing by the same authors. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Mongolia is a geographically remote and resource-rich country with a peculiar location in northeast Asia. An 'oasis of democracy', it is sandwiched between its two expansionist authoritarian neighbours, China and Russia. This has required it to walk a delicate geopolitical tightrope of non alignment and a 'third neighbour' foreign policy to preserve its sovereignty and independence. During the past 35 years of bilateral diplomatic relations Mongolia has not been particularly high on the EU's foreign policy agenda, with only a handful of EU Member States having an embassy there. Since the 1990s, Mongolia has nonetheless benefited from EU development cooperation programmes aimed at supporting its sustainable economic and democratic development and from EU disaster relief for the increasingly harsh socioeconomic implications of its exposure to climate change. Classified as a lower-middle income country, Mongolia has also been a beneficiary of unilateral preferential access to the EU market, first under the generalised scheme of preferences (GSP) and later under the GSP+ scheme, and has been able to draw on additional EU funding programmes to bolster the diversification of its trade towards non-mining products. Currently, an EU-Mongolia agreement on geographical indications is under negotiation with the same objective. The EU-Mongolia political and cooperation agreement (PCA), which entered into force in 2017, has significantly broadened the scope for bilateral, regional and international cooperation to policy areas that were previously not covered by the 1993 trade and economic cooperation agreement. Joint Committee meetings under the PCA have taken place regularly, with strands on political dialogue, human rights, trade and investment, and development cooperation. EU reliance on resilient supply chains for critical raw materials (CRMs) to implement its green and digital transitions and Mongolian efforts to sustainably diversify its economic relations could draw the two partners closer. As the scramble for CRMs is in full swing and major CRM-importing countries have designed economic de-risking policies to find alternatives to China's current quasi export monopoly on processed CRMs such as rare earths, the EU and Mongolia could enter into a CRM partnership, despite the geographical and geopolitical constraints and concerns that may arise over the environment and the investment climate owing to increased sourcing of CRMs from Mongolia. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Cette nuit, sur la route menant à l'aéroport de Rurutu, un jeune homme à scooter s'est tué. Il était alcoolisé et roulait à une vitesse vraisemblablement excessive.

Une centaine de boxeurs se sont donné le change dans la salle omnisports de Vaira’o lors de la journée de boxe organisée par l’association Taiarapu Boxing Club. 52 combats en amateurs et en éducatif. Les plus petits ont ouvert les hostilités.

Faute de repreneur, Koniambo Nickel SAS, projet phare du développement du nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie a arrêté son activité ce samedi. Mais ses quelque 1 200 salariés veulent croire que l'activité n'est pas morte.

Les habitants de l'extrême sud la presqu'île de Tahiti, entre Tautira et la pointe Te Pari, sont appelés à la plus grande vigilance ce week-end, car ils sont le plus exposés et vulnérables au risque de submersion. Météo France place les îles du Vent en alerte orange vagues-submersion à compter de ce samedi 31 août 2024, au matin.

24 lycéens et étudiants de BTS à Taravao vont s'envoler pour Paris. Leur établissement a bénéficié d'une aide de dix millions de francs de la part de l'Etat pour assister aux Jeux Paralympiques. Une aventure unique les attend.

Un arrêté publié au journal officiel de la Polynésie le 30 août autorise la Chambre de commerce, d'industrie, des services et des métiers (CCISM) à «gérer un ou des établissement(s) de gestion d'infrastructure aéroportuaire». Ce qui veut dire qu'elle est autorisée à se porter candidate à la gestion des aéroports du Pays (Raiatea, Bora-Bora, Rangiroa).

28 nouveaux policiers ont reçu leur insigne vendredi 30 août, lors de la cérémonie de sortie des policiers adjoints et des cadets de la République au centre régional de formation de la police nationale. Parmi eux, Fatiarau Tefaatau, 22 ans, major de sa promotion !

Après plus de quatre décennies à enseigner, Joseph Kaiha, 64 ans, a pris sa retraite. Une cérémonie a été organisée pour l'occasion vendredi 30 août. Près de deux cents enfants et leurs enseignants étaient présents.

Upon request of the Committee on Petitions (PETI), the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs commissioned the present study on Regulation 1049/2001 on access to documents with a twofold objective. First, to update the analysis conducted in a 2016 study for the PETI Committee with the latest developments in the case law of the CJEU and the activities led by the European Ombudsman since then – in particular focussing on access to legislative documents, documents relating to administrative proceedings, Court proceedings, infringement proceedings, protection of privacy, international relations, and special regimes. Second, to assess the possible future alignment of the Access Regulation with the evolving digital context, including a potential revision of the definition of document, access to user-friendly public registers and internet sites, access to agendas of officials and scheduled meetings with interest representatives, and access to videos of CJEU oral hearings. The research also incorporates illustrative and complementary cases and own initiatives by the European Ombudsman as indications of evolving challenges to institutional secrecy in the EU context. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Les épreuves des Jeux paralympiques ont commencé ce jeudi 29 août et l'équipe de France a déjà trois médailles dans sa besace, une d'or et deux d'argent, grâce à la cycliste Marie Patouillet et aux nageurs Ugo Didier et Alex Portal.

Qui succédera à Omaka Gendron ? Huit candidates à l'élection de Miss T. Tahiti ont passé leur grand oral, ce 29 août, à la mairie de Papeete. Elles ont dû répondre aux questions de culture générale, un premier test avant la soirée du 7 septembre qui prend un peu plus d’ampleur... Omaka Gendron était présente pour prodiguer les meilleurs conseils aux candidates. À 26 ans, elle estime que les personnes transgenres sont aujourd'hui bien représentées dans la société polynésienne.

Après les aides au développement de l’activité, à la rénovation ou à l’extension, déjà en place, un soutien financier est désormais disponible pour la mise en conformité des pensions de famille. Un dispositif bienvenu pour les professionnels, même si l’enveloppe annuelle est faible. 89 millions de Fcfp pour 2025 mis à disposition des 296 structures de Polynésie.

Injures, menaces, violences physiques ou encore racket, ce sont les types de harcèlement scolaire subit par les victimes. Face à la colère, certains parents sont animés par la vengeance. Une mauvaise solution selon la présidente de la fédération des parents d’élèves qui incite à privilégier le dialogue. L'an dernier, 63 faits ont été signalés.

Le roi des Maoris Kiingi Tuheitia VII est décédé à l'âge de 69 ans, quelques jours seulement après avoir célébré le 18e anniversaire de son couronnement. Il a été à l'avant-garde des questions maories.

La grande chefferie de Wetr a perdu sa célèbre case, ce jeudi 29 août, à Hnathalo, dans le Nord de Lifou. La construction emblématique du district coutumier a été ravagée par les flammes.

Toujours pas de nouveau Premier ministre nommé, le projet de loi de finances 2025 bientôt examiné à l'Assemblée nationale, la position de l'État vis-à-vis de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la session budgétaire à l'Assemblée de Polynésie, des élections communales en vue... Autant d'actualités politiques nationales et locales abordées avec la députée Nicole Sanquer invitée du journal télévisé de Polynésie la 1ère, mercredi 28 août.

This briefing has been prepared for the public hearing with the Chair of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), Claudia Buch, scheduled for 2 September 2024. The previous hearing took place on 21 March 2024. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) is a consultative body of the European Union, based in Brussels. It is composed of 329 members. Its opinions are required on the basis of a mandatory consultation in the fields established by the Treaties or a voluntary consultation by the Commission, the Council or Parliament. It may also issue opinions on its own initiative. Its members are not bound by any instructions. They are to be completely independent in the performance of their duties, in the EU’s general interest. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

The procedures for electing the European Parliament are governed both by European legislation laying down rules common to all Member States and by specific national provisions, which vary from one state to another. The common provisions lay down the principle of proportional representation, rules on thresholds and certain incompatibilities with the Member of the European Parliament mandate. Many other important matters, such as the exact electoral system used and the number of constituencies, are governed by national laws. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

The Maastricht Treaty altered the former European treaties and created a European Union based on three pillars: the European Communities, the common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and cooperation in the field of justice and home affairs (JHI). With a view to the enlargement of the Union, the Amsterdam Treaty made the adjustments needed to enable the Union to function more efficiently and democratically. Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP