This briefing examines the role of biomethane and bioethanol in Europe’s energy transition, focusing on where these fuels are produced, their end-uses, and how policy frameworks shape their uptake. Biomethane, a renewable gas that can be injected into existing gas grids and is mainly used in heating and transport, and bioethanol, a renewable liquid fuel with a relevant role in road transport and industrial applications, rely on different feedstocks, technologies and infrastructures. Yet, both offer near-term decarbonisation options using existing energy systems. This briefing distinguishes between established and emerging production pathways, including advanced biofuels, and assesses their respective maturity and deployment challenges, with the aim of identifying policy and market conditions that enable stable, scalable and sustainable supply across the EU, its Member States, and the UK. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Transformation, Innovation and Health at the request of the Industry, Research and Energy Committee (ITRE) Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP Read more