This briefing provides background information for the PETI Committee Delegation to the Canary Islands, specifically to Tenerife and Gran Canaria from 15 to 17 September 2025. The mission will allow Members to assess the challenges faced on the ground in the Canary Islands as a result of irregular arrivals of migrants. It will further allow Members to examine the role of smuggling networks, the state of reception facilities and their possible limitations, explore solutions to support affected regions, ensure the protection of fundamental rights, and review the implementation of relevant EU policies. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The construction sector plays a key role in fostering economic growth and in ensuring housing affordability. However, the sector faces many challenges. Designing a framework that allows for productivity growth is essential, especially since the labour force is shrinking. Moreover, solutions have to be found for the land shortage issue and the disincentives to renovations for older or low-income households, which are unable to bear investment costs. This in-depth analysis discusses the key challenges of constructing new residential dwellings and renovating existing ones, discusses implications for housing affordability, and presents policy recommendations to address these issues. Housing rehabilitation is also briefly discussed. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

In absolute figures, Cyprus's amended national recovery and resilience plan (NRRP) is set to receive EU resources amounting to €1 020.2 million in grants and €200.3 million in loans. The grant amount is €15.2 million higher than in the original plan. The difference results from several amendments, which include a downward revision of the grant allocation, the addition of a REPowerEU chapter with new grant resources, and Cyprus's transfer of a portion of its share of the Brexit Adjustment Reserve to the plan. The plan underpins 61 reforms and 75 investment streams that aim to promote the recovery of the Cypriot economy, while addressing structural weaknesses and pursuing major objectives such as the green transition (45 % of the funds) and the digital transformation (24.6 %). It includes measures for the digitalisation of public services, the promotion of digital education and skills, green mobility, renewable energy production and energy efficiency. The measures are to be completed by 2026. Cyprus has so far received 46.5 % of the resources in the form of pre-financing and three payments for grants. This is below the EU average (currently at 55.7 %). The European Parliament, which was a major advocate of the creation of a common EU recovery instrument, participates in interinstitutional forums for cooperation and discussion on its implementation and scrutinises the European Commission's work. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States. Fourth edition. The 'NGEU delivery' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the lifecycle of the plans. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The Polish national recovery and resilience plan (NRRP) – Krajowy Plan Odbudowy – is the third biggest plan under the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). It totals €59.8 billion, including €25.3 billion in grants and €34.5 billion in loans. The amount is €24.5 billion (+69 %) higher than that initially approved, and takes account of a 2022 update of the maximum financial contribution, additional loans requested in 2023, and the grant allocation for REPowerEU added in the same year. Poland's NRRP has been revised three times, on 8 December 2023 to add the REPowerEU chapter, and on 16 July 2024 and 20 June 2025 to adjust the timeline and scope of selected measures. The NRRP includes 55 reforms and 59 investments aiming to promote economic recovery, while addressing several structural weaknesses and pursuing the EU's objectives in the green and digital transitions. Poland has so far received 34.7 % of the resources (€5 billion in pre-financing and two payments, together covering three instalments, for both grants and loans); this is below the EU average (56.4 %) and corresponds to 25 % of all milestones and targets assessed as fulfilled, suggesting that the period through to the August 2026 deadline will be crucial to ensure full implementation. The third payment request, covering the fourth and fifth instalments, is being assessed by the European Commission. Another four payments will depend on further progress in the implementation of the plan. The European Parliament participates in interinstitutional forums for cooperation and discussion on RRF implementation and scrutinises the Commission's work. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States. Fourth edition. Earlier editions were co-authored by Magdalena Sapała. The 'NGEU delivery' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the lifecycle of the plans. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

European Works Councils (EWCs) are bodies that represent EU workers in large European-scale undertakings. EU rules framing their functioning were reviewed in 2009. In response to the Parliament's 2023 legislative-initiative resolution, the Commission put forward a proposal to revise the EWC Directive in January 2024. It sought to clarify the concept of transnational matters, ensure timely and meaningful consultation of workers, and improve EWCs' access to legal remedies and their gender balance. In May 2025, Parliament and Council negotiators reached a provisional agreement on the revised text, which was approved by Coreper, for the Council, on 28 May and by the Parliament's Employment and Social Affairs Committee on 5 June. The proposal is scheduled for a vote during the October I plenary session. If approved by Parliament, it will then require formal adoption by the Council to become law. Fourth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious, non-zoonotic viral infection affecting cattle, water buffalo and wild ruminants. It is caused by the LSD virus (LSDV) of the Capripoxvirus genus. First identified in Zambia in 1929, it became endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. It emerged in Europe in 2015, prompting mass vaccination campaigns to eradicate it by 2017. The recent outbreaks in north Africa in 2023 and in the European Union in 2025 highlight its ongoing threat. LSD is primarily transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods (e.g. mosquitoes and ticks), with symptoms including fever, skin nodules and mucosal lesions. Reduced milk production, weight loss, damage to hides, trade restrictions and costly biosecurity measures cause significant economic losses, threatening small-scale farmers and livestock industries. The virus persists in dehydrated skin lesions and vectors, complicating control. Vaccination remains critical, with homologous Neethling strain vaccines offering strong protection but sometimes associated with localised skin reactions ('the Neethling response') and vaccine virus shedding in milk and blood. The Standing Group of Experts on LSD (SGE LSD), established in 2016, fosters regional collaboration to combat the disease. Effective cross-border cooperation, timely reporting through systems like the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) operated by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and implementation of emergency measures are vital to mitigating its impact. The 2025 outbreaks underscore the urgency of maintaining robust prevention and response strategies. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Draft amending budget No 2/2025 (DAB 2/2025) updates the revenue side of the EU budget, taking into account the latest developments, in particular revised own resources forecasts. On the expenditure side, DAB 2/2025 raises the 2025 EU budget by €3.3 million in commitment appropriations and €3.5 billion in payment appropriations. Parliament's plenary vote on the Council's position is planned for the October I session. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The European Parliament's consent is required for the conclusion of a new protocol associated with the EU-Côte d'Ivoire fisheries agreement. The protocol sets out the fishing opportunities for the EU fleet in Côte d'Ivoire waters, and specifies the EU financial contribution in exchange, including increased support for the development of sustainable local fisheries. The consent vote will be on the plenary agenda during the October I session. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

While the proposals for the post-2027 CAP are already on the table, the Commission has also proposed to amend the current CAP rules. According to the proposal, as of 2026 the CAP requirements would be made more flexible, and red tape for farmers would be reduced. During the October I plenary session, Parliament is due to vote on the report that will serve as its formal position in interinstitutional negotiations with the Council. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Following the visit of the College of Commissioners to New Delhi in February 2025, on 17 September the European Commission and the High Representative adopted a joint communication on a 'New Strategic EU-India Agenda'. During the October I plenary session, the High Representative will present the joint communication. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The ECB’s 2025 strategy review responded to high inflation, supply shocks and broader structural transformations. The framework preserved the core of the 2021 design but introduced refinements in five areas: price stability, temporal orientation, instruments, analytical framework and communication. This briefing outlines these changes and assesses their implications, noting progress and highlighting persisting gaps. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

For more than four decades, Iran has faced various international sanctions designed to modify its regime's conduct across multiple areas of concern. These areas include nuclear and ballistic missile programmes and proliferation, support for terrorism, regional destabilisation and human rights abuses. Since 1979, the United States' (US) sanctions on Iran have evolved into a complex and comprehensive regime. Between 2006 and 2010, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) imposed multilateral sanctions specifically targeting Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile proliferation activities. The European Union (EU) has implemented the UNSC measures and, since 2010, has developed its own restrictive measures on Iran. The EU's sanctions extend beyond non-proliferation concerns to encompass measures for Iran's human rights violations, support for terrorism and assistance to Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. The 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) established an agreement between Iran, the five permanent members of the UNSC, plus Germany and the EU's High Representative. This agreement provided for the gradual lifting of sanctions against Iran in exchange for limitations on its nuclear programme. Following the US's withdrawal from the deal in 2018 and the subsequent re-imposition of previously lifted US sanctions, Iran began violating its JCPOA commitments. On 28 August 2025, the three European parties to the JCPOA – France, Germany and the United Kingdom – triggered the procedure to restore all UNSC sanctions on Iran, which were originally set to definitively expire on 18 October 2025. Although diplomatic efforts were complicated by Israeli and US military strikes against Iran in June 2025, and despite the UNSC's rejection on 19 September of a draft resolution to extend the lifting of sanctions, dialogue between Iran and the European powers continues in search of a diplomatic solution to prevent the re-imposition of comprehensive UNSC sanctions scheduled for 28 September 2025. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait are under strain. The People’s Republic of China’s diplomatic offensive against the Republic of China, Taiwan, has more recently been coupled with routinised large-scale and increasingly complex military exercises, incursions across the median line and an uptick in hybrid warfare tactics. China’s assertiveness has been met, and sometimes anticipated, by United States-led military and diplomatic countermeasures aimed at fostering Taiwan’s resilience within the broader context of a forceful China pushback. This paper takes stock of cross-Strait dynamics, including the action-reaction spiral which feeds Chinese insecurity and assertiveness, to present options for the European Union (EU) to bolster relations with Taiwan. Based on best practices from Group of Seven allies, the United States of America in particular, the paper argues that the EU should adopt a twin track of diplomacy and realistic deterrence, coupled with reassurances that all interested parties – including its Member States and like-minded parties – will abide by a ‘One China’ policy. The paper also argues that the EU’s support of Taiwan’s democracy needs to take into consideration its fraught and polarised domestic politics. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Saudi Arabia's foreign policy is central to the kingdom's transition from oil dependency to economic diversification under the Vision 2030 reform programme. Riyadh's strategy of multi-alignment – balancing its longstanding United States (US) security partnership while expanding ties to China, Russia, and the Global South – offers both opportunities and vulnerabilities. While this approach provides greater strategic autonomy and diplomatic influence, it also generates tensions as competition between major powers intensifies. A more confrontational US administration focused on rivalry with China may force Saudi leaders to make difficult choices, testing the resilience of this balancing act. Regional stability is critical for the success of Vision 2030, as persistent conflicts threaten investor confidence and risk diverting resources from modernisation. The Gaza war has complicated Saudi normalisation with Israel, reinforcing Riyadh's insistence on Palestinian statehood as a prerequisite for peace. Meanwhile, Iran's nuclear ambitions and proxy activities escalate regional tensions. Direct military exchanges between Iran and Israel, coupled with US involvement, have increased the risk of a broader regional conflict, posing immediate threats to Saudi infrastructure and economic interests. The European Union (EU) is a critical partner in the kingdom's pursuit of economic transformation and global influence. As Saudi Arabia's second largest trading partner, the EU is a major source of investment and technology for diversification in fields such as renewable energy and digital innovation. However, the relationship is complex, strained by persistent European concerns over Saudi Arabia's human rights record, including its use of the death penalty and treatment of migrant workers. These issues remain a source of friction, managed through ongoing human rights dialogues, reflecting the complex nature of EU–Saudi ties. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

In the European Union (EU), nearly 60 million tonnes of food – representing 132 kilogrammes per person – were wasted in 2022, of which over half (54 %) in households. The environmental impact of this amount of food waste accounts for 254 million tonnes of CO2 and 342 billion cubic meters of water, used in the production process. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Services account for 72% of GDP and three quarters of total employment in the EU. The performance of services in themselves is therefore a major determinant of EU economic performance, but services also matter for the competitiveness of all industries as many services are inputs into production. Intra-EU trade barriers are much lower than those applying to third countries, but barriers to trade have not fallen much in the last decade. Important barriers remain, particularly in the areas of administrative procedures and barriers to competition. Complementing the Single Market Strategy with national initiatives that apply better regulation principles to services regulation, concerted action by groups of EU Member States and actions at EU level to assess the rationale and consider the effects of restrictive services regulation can help raise public awareness of the importance of services for competitiveness. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

This study examines the evolution and prospects of trade and investment relations between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova. It situates Moldova’s shifting economic orientation within its complex geopolitical environment – marked by Russian interference and the Transnistria conflict – and outlines the impact of key milestones such as the EU-Moldova Association Agreement and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area. The analysis highlights Moldova’s growing trade and investment ties with the EU, sectoral dynamics in agriculture, manufacturing, services, and the energy sector, as well as the economic disruption stemming from Russia’s war on Ukraine. Special scrutiny is given to the revised EU-Moldova DCFTA. The text also analyses Moldova’s EU accession process and the Moldova Growth Plan, offering insights into both the benefits and costs of deeper integration. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

International Safe Abortion Day, observed annually on 28 September, draws attention to global disparities in access to safe and legal abortion. It also provides an occasion to examine the legal and policy framework within the European Union. While competence in public health lies primarily with the Member States, EU institutions – most notably the European Parliament – have increasingly engaged with sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The dollar is likely to lose its dominant position as a world currency. The world will evolve towards a multipolar currency system which includes the euro as one of the significant international currencies. To achieve this status the Capital Markets Union (CMU) should be strengthened. In addition, to counter the dominance of the dollar payment system, the full integration of the national payments systems in the euro area should be pursued. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 6 October 2025. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Ce document s’intègre dans une série d’études qui, avec une perspective de droit comparé, visent à faire une présentation du principe de protection de l’environnement dans différents ordres juridiques. Après avoir expliqué le droit positif et la jurisprudence d’application, le contenu, les limites et la possible évolution de ce principe sont examinés. La présente étude a pour objet le cas de la Suisse. La protection de l’environnement s’est construite de manière sectorielle, depuis la première moitié du XXe siècle. En complément aux législations spécifiques à la protection de la nature, de l’eau, des forêts, des animaux, ou à la législation sur la chasse et la pêche, la loi sur la protection de l’environnement du 7 octobre 1983, entrée en vigueur le 1er janvier 1985, vient non seulement combler les lacunes relativement à la protection de l’homme et de l’environnement en matière d’atteintes nuisibles ou incommodantes, mais également poser des principes généraux, applicables à l’ensemble de la matière environnementale. Ces principes d’anticipation des atteintes (prévention/précaution), de causalité des coûts (pollueur-payeur) et de durabilité des ressources sont désormais exprimés dans la Constitution fédérale de 1999 aux art. 73 et 74 Cst. et constituent le pivot de la matière. Le droit suisse n’a pas consacré de droit à un environnement sain. Cependant, les principes évoqués ci-dessus sont, dans une certaine mesure, justiciables, soit directement, soit par leur portée interprétative, de telle sorte qu’ils permettent une harmonisation de la mise en œuvre des textes infraconstitutionnels. Par ailleurs, dans les domaines qui touchent à la sphère de protection des individus, le droit infraconstitutionnel donne des droits invocables en justice : droit d’exiger l’absence d’atteintes nuisibles ou incommodantes, droit d’exiger le contrôle des actes de surveillance d’installations dangereuses (dans le domaine nucléaire, notamment). Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Once dispersed in the environment, microplastic particles under 5 mm in size are extremely difficult to remove and very persistent. Today, they are present in the air, soil, freshwater, seas, oceans, plants and animals, and in several components of the human diet. Human exposure to microplastic particles is therefore widespread, raising concerns about potential health impacts. On 16 October 2023, the European Commission proposed a regulation to tackle microplastic pollution resulting from losses of plastic pellets. The proposal would set requirements for best handling practices, mandatory certification and self-declaration, and provide for the development of a harmonised methodology to estimate losses. The co-legislators reached a provisional deal on 9 April 2025. The Council formally adopted it on 22 September 2025. Parliament's second-reading vote on the text is planned for the October II session. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

This in-depth analysis discusses the impacts of short-term rentals on access to affordable housing in the EU. It reviews the variety of short-term rental regulations and the challenges to their implementation. It highlights the role that EU legislation plays in influencing the regulation of both short-term rentals and the digital platforms that advertise them.. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

On 25 June 2025, the Commission published a proposal for a regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities in the European Union (EU) ('the EU space act'). A majority of Member States have already adopted or are considering adopting legislation on space activities. The regulation's relevance was highlighted by Mario Draghi's report on the future of European competitiveness, which explained the role of space systems and services in supporting the EU's sovereignty and economy. Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union – TFEU (internal market) is the legal basis of the proposed regulation. It aims to create a single market for space activities, grounded on common safety, sustainability and resilience rules, which should apply in principle to any space operator providing space services in the EU. The proposal is expected to lay down rules on: the authorisation, registration and supervision of space activities and services carried out by space service providers; orbit traffic management; and the establishment of an EU space label. On resilience, the proposed regulation is expected to complement Directive (EU)2022/2555 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the EU, and Directive (EU) 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities. In the Parliament, the file has been referred to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), which has appointed Elena Donazzan (ECR, Italy) as rapporteur. In the Council, the working party on space has started examining the proposal. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

This in-depth analysis provides an overview of the reactions of Member States to the Cali Apartments SCI case and analyses challenges and opportunities stemming from short-term rental (STR) regulation. It also reflects on possible EU policy options in the STR field. Building on the briefing by Colomb (2025) on the Regulatory aspects of short-term rentals in the EU, this in-depth analysis examines in more detail the landmark ruling (C-724/18 and C-727/18) in the Cali Apartments SCI case. The ruling by the CJEU recognised the objective of combatting the rental housing shortage as an ‘overriding reason relating to the public interest’ that can justify proportionate measures on STR accommodations. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

As the global race to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates, the European Union has set the objective of becoming a leading AI continent. The adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act in 2024 was a milestone in establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework for AI in the EU, but regulation alone cannot make the EU a technological leader. In April 2025, the European Commission published an AI continent action plan, a communication that attempts to look beyond rules and combine regulatory oversight with investment, infrastructure and skills development. It also aims to increase the use of AI in both the private and public sector. The plan illustrates the Commission's growing attention to competitiveness, moving away from its previous focus on setting usage rules Despite progress in some areas, the EU is still far from being a global leader in AI, in terms of scale, investment, and uptake of AI. Structural weaknesses such as a fragmented single market, limited private investment, and reliance on foreign cloud and semiconductor technology continue to hinder progress. Stakeholders are divided on the road to follow. While industry representatives call for simplifying regulation to boost innovation, civil society warns against sacrificing democratic safeguards. The EU's prospects of becoming an AI continent depend not only on its ability to implement the AI continent action plan but also on its decisiveness in acting on other fronts such as making progress on the Savings and Investments Union, and its progress in reducing reliance on foreign technologies. The European Parliament will play a central role in scrutinising the Commission's activities and shaping legislation such as the forthcoming Cloud and AI Development Act. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The impact assessment (IA) defines the problems, their drivers, the objectives and the policy options of the initiative in a robust intervention logic. The IA presents four options, proposing varying degrees of stringency in addressing the general and specific objectives (binding and non-binding measures). It is questionable whether they fully qualify as alternative options under the Better Regulation Guidelines (BRG). When comparing and scoring the options against the BRG criteria of effectiveness, efficiency and coherence, the scoring method could have been further clarified. Proportionality has not been discussed in the comparison of options. The analysis of proportionality is limited and could have been assessed in more detail. The IA assesses the economic, social and environmental impacts of the options. The analysis encompasses both qualitative and quantitative components, and specifically focuses on the impact on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and on the international competitiveness of the EU space sector. However, it is not fully clear how mitigating measures and a 'light regime' of measures for SMEs will be applied in practice, and how coherence in the single market will be ensured. The IA is based on several sources, including desk research, stakeholder input and external consultancy support. Some references to the data sources, especially those from external consultancy support, should have been specified more clearly for the sake of transparency. Cost and benefit estimates and assumptions could have been explained more clearly and consistently. The proposal appears to follow the preferred policy option identified in the IA. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The aim of this paper is to identify key enables, gaps and policy mechanisms that facilitate the creation of quality jobs, promote inclusive economic transformation and ensure that all communities, particularly the most vulnerable, are supported by Just Transition. Drawing on comparative evidence, it analyses how different elements of governance arrangements, financing tools and stakeholder participation shape reskilling, job quality and inclusion. The findings provide policy directions to strengthen the Just Transition policy and legal framework and ensure fair regional labour-market outcomes across regions. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Under the European Green Deal, the European Commission presented a new EU soil strategy for 2030, with the aim of having all EU soil ecosystems in a healthy condition by 2050. To achieve this objective, on 5 July 2023 it tabled a proposal for a soil monitoring and resilience directive, laying down measures for monitoring and assessing soil health, based on a common definition of what constitutes healthy soil, for managing soils sustainably, and for tackling contaminated sites. On 10 April 2024, the European Parliament adopted its position at first reading. The Council agreed its general approach on 17 June 2024. Trilogue negotiations concluded on 10 April 2025. The provisional agreement substantially amends the original proposal, leaving more flexibility to Member States and refocusing the chapter on sustainable soil management on support for improving soil health and soil resilience. The agreement now needs to be validated by the co-legislators. Parliament's second-reading vote on the text is expected to take place during the October II session. Fifth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Stephanie Lose, Minister for Economic Affairs of Denmark, is participating in the ECON Committee in her capacity of President of the ECOFIN Council during the Danish Presidency (July - December 2025). In accordance with the Treaty of the Union, “Member States shall regard their economic policies as a matter of common concern and shall coordinate them within the Council”. This document provides an overview of the Danish Presidency's priorities in ECON matters, including the Council’s work relating to the implementation of the European Semester for economic coordination, the application of the Recovery and Resilience Facility and other policy streams relevant to the EU single market, notably progress on the Banking Union and the Capital Markets Union. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The aim of this paper is to identify key enables, gaps and policy mechanisms that facilitate the creation of quality jobs, promote inclusive economic transformation and ensure that all communities, particularly the most vulnerable, are supported by Just Transition. Drawing on comparative evidence, it analyses how different elements of governance arrangements, financing tools and stakeholder participation shape reskilling, job quality and inclusion. The findings provide policy directions to strengthen the Just Transition policy and legal framework and ensure fair regional labour-market outcomes across regions. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

With the adoption of the European Green Deal, the EU set its vision for a new growth strategy, transforming itself into a climate-neutral Union. At the same time, the digital transition continues to transform the world of work at an unprecedented speed. Anticipating and managing such transitions requires a broader approach: in line with the EU core values, this process should be fair and inclusive. The European Commission is set to present two initiatives to support this process: (i) a new action plan to implement the European pillar of social rights and (ii) a quality jobs roadmap (both in the fourth quarter of 2025). The roadmap will present measures to support fair wages, good working conditions, access to training, and fair work transitions by increasing collective bargaining. The European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs is addressing the issue by preparing a legislative own-initiative report (INL) on the 'Just Transition Directive in the world of work: Ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies'. This briefing aims to inform the development of this INL. It identifies challenges such as uneven impact of the transition, skills shortages and unequal working conditions. These could be addressed, among other things, by enhancing social conditionalities, ensuring safe and fair working conditions, and developing targeted training and upskilling strategies. Addressing these challenges at EU level while ensuring the implementation of principles of the European pillar of social rights could both facilitate the transition and bring additional benefits in terms of economic growth and employment. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

This study examines how structural labour market inequalities affect women’s mental health in the EU. It highlights the gender pay and pension gaps and new forms of work as drivers of poorer well-being among women. The study identifies fragmented policy responses and recommends coordinated, gender-responsive action across labour, health and gender equality domains. Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP